Data Security Platforms discover, classify, and protect sensitive data across structured and unstructured stores — on-premises file shares, SaaS applications, cloud object storage, databases, data lakes, and AI training pipelines. Core capabilities include data discovery and classification for PII, PHI, PCI, and intellectual property; Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) across multi-cloud estates; access analytics and entitlement mapping; anomalous-access detection; data loss prevention (DLP) for egress control; encryption and masking policy enforcement; and ransomware-detection signals from data-access patterns. Leading vendors include Varonis, Rubrik Data Security, Cyera, Dig Security (Palo Alto), BigID, Symmetry Systems, and Normalyze.