Incident Management & On-Call platforms coordinate the human response to production incidents — alert routing to the on-call engineer, escalation policies, incident commander roles, real-time status updates, automated stakeholder communication, post-incident review workflows, and error-budget and reliability reporting. Core capabilities include schedule management across rotations and time zones, multi-channel alerting, chat and video-bridge integration, live incident timelines, integration with observability and ticketing systems, status-page automation for external communication, and AI-driven incident triage and summarization. Leading vendors include PagerDuty, Opsgenie (Atlassian), Splunk On-Call (VictorOps), Rootly, incident.io, FireHydrant, and Grafana OnCall.